The word “provoked” in the passage is closest in meaning to The need to oversee the entire process brought about the emergence of an elite that was eventually transformed into a government.Ħ. The increase in food production in these regions led to a significant growth in population, while efforts to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas and to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community provoked the first steps toward cooperative activities on a large scale. The spread of this river valley agriculture in various parts of Asia and Africa was the decisive factor in the rise of the first civilizations. The word “enhance” in the passage is closest in meaning to Thus enabling the farmer to cultivate a single plot of ground for many years without An additional benefit was that the sediment carried by the river waters deposited nutrients in the soil, 解析 细节题：定位句 The advantage was that crops grown in such areas were notĪsdependent on rainfall and therefore produced a more reliable harvest. The heavier weight of river soil resulted in more reliable harvests. Farming techniques could not be easily applied to soils far from rivers.ĭ. The crops grown in river valleys were not completely dependent on rainwater.Ĭ. The soils in river valleys were rich in nutrients.ī. According to paragraph 2, what are TWO reasons why farmers chose river valleys for cultivation? To receive credit you must select TWO answer choices. The word “undoubtedly” in the passage is closest in meaning to Independently in several different areas of the world when small communities, drivenīy increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival. 解析 细节题：定位句 Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged They farmed several plots of land at once. They were driven out of small communities.ĭ. They used farming to supplement other food sources.ī. In paragraph 2, which of the following statements is true of early farmers? A.
#Zhan tpo toefl how to#
As time went on, such communities gradually learned how to direct the flow of water to enhance the productive capacity of the land, while the introduction of the iron plow eventually led to the cultivation of heavy soils not previously susceptible to agriculture.Ģ. Thus, the first truly sedentary (that is, nonmigratory) societies were born.
An additional benefit was that the sediment carried by the river waters deposited nutrients in the soil, thus enabling the farmer to cultivate a single plot of ground for many years without moving to a new location. The advantage was that crops grown in such areas were not as dependent on rainfall and therefore produced a more reliable harvest.
The real breakthrough took place when farmers began to cultivate crops along the floodplains of river systems. The first farmers, who may have lived as long as 10,000 years ago, undoubtedly used simple techniques and still relied primarily on other forms of food production, such as hunting, foraging, or pastoralism. Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged in dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival. The ex act time and place that crops were first cultivated successfully is uncertain.
The phrase “culminated in” in the passage is closest in meaning to
#Zhan tpo toefl series#
Evidence suggests that an important stimulus behind the rise of early civilizations was the development of settled agriculture, which unleashed a series of changes in the organization of human communities that culminated in the rise of large ancient empires.ġ.
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